Everything about Anders Celsius totally explained
Anders Celsius (
November 27,
1701 –
April 25,
1744) was a
Swedish astronomer.
Celsius was born in
Uppsala in
Sweden. He was professor of astronomy at
Uppsala University from 1730 to 1744, but traveled from 1732 to 1735 visiting notable observatories in
Germany,
Italy and
France.
At
Nuremberg in 1733 he published a collection of 316 observations of the
aurora borealis made by himself and others over the period 1716-1732. In
Paris he advocated the measurement of an arc of the meridian in
Lapland, and in 1736 took part in the expedition organized for that purpose by the
French Academy of Sciences, led by the
French mathematician
Pierre Louis Maupertuis.
Celsius founded the
Uppsala Astronomical Observatory in 1741, and in 1742 he proposed the
Celsius temperature scale in a paper to the
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. His thermometer had 100 for the freezing point of water and 0 for the boiling point. The scale was reversed by
Carolus Linnaeus in 1745, to how it's today.
Anders Celsius was the first to perform and publish careful experiments aiming at the definition of an international
temperature scale on scientific grounds. In his Swedish paper "Observations of two persistent degrees on a thermometer" he reports on experiments to check that the freezing point is independent of latitude (and of atmospheric pressure). He determined the dependence of the boiling of water with atmospheric pressure (in excellent agreement with modern data). He further gave a rule for the determination of the boiling point if the barometric pressure deviates from a certain standard pressure.
In 1744 he died of
tuberculosis in
Uppsala, and was buried in the
Old Uppsala Church.
The
Celsius crater on the
Moon is named after him.
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